The request for green and the prospects of landscape urbanism

The form of urban parks in Western cities has been influenced by the ways natural landscape is perceived. Nature is conceived as landscape when man abandons the countryside for the urban centers. In the Western world, nature is transformed into a spectacle, and an object of representation for the Renaissance painters, at the moment that man ceases to be part of nature, turning his gaze towards it. With the evolution of landscape painting and the development of garden design, landscape has turned into a historically meaningful representation where city dwellers projects their values on. Throughout the development of cities, the form of natural elements shows evidence for the relationship between man - nature and the way societies define themselves.

The symbolic dimension of urban green remains strong throughout the 20th century. Green becomes part of the visions of modern urban planning, standing as a symbol of health. During the years of postwar reconstruction, the demand for green often expresses the new urban dwellers' negative attitude towards the urban condition and their nostalgia for the countryside.

During the last decade, the problem of climate change and the need for sustainability has encouraged the development of new design strategies that renegotiate the nature - city relationship. Contemporary urban design, through the new field of landscape urbanism, gives emphasis to the organic use of infrastructure and its intertwining with natural systems. Natural elements are designed as human-made structures while urban infrastructures are studied as natural systems evolving over time. Landscape is no longer perceived as an image but as a method of thinking.

Furthermore, green has become the subject of frequent claims to public space, Gezi Park Istanbul being the most recent example. The planted areas are urban commons often threatened by private development plans. In this way, the urban green acquires a political dimension as a natural element that comes into conflict with dominant economic structures.

At a time when cities are facing very serious economic, environmental and cultural problems, the redefinition of the role of natural elements in urban space remains a priority of urban design. The central question that the panel discussion will aim to address concerns the new relationships emerging between natural elements and technical infrastructures, and their influence on the identity of 21st century cities. The discussion will focus on the aesthetic, environmental, symbolic, and political dimensions of the urban green spaces by particularly looking into the following questions: